Tailoring dyadic coping strategies to attachment style: Emotion-focused and problem-focused dyadic coping differentially buffer anxiously and avoidantly attached partners

Attachment insecurity is associated with lower satisfaction and lower felt security in romantic relationships, especially during times of stress such as coping with a global pandemic. Heightened external stressors for couples are associated with poorer relationship quality, but how couples cope with stress together, or their dyadic coping strategies, is associated with the maintenance of relationship satisfaction. In the current study, we followed 184 couples living together during the COVID-19 pandemic to test whether specific coping strategies buffered people higher in attachment anxiety and avoidance from lower satisfaction and felt security in the early weeks and ensuing months of the pandemic. Our findings demonstrate that perceiving more emotion-focused dyadic coping—being affectionate and using intimacy—buffered the negative association between attachment anxiety and relationship satisfaction and felt security, both concurrently and over several months of the pandemic. In addition, problem-focused perceived dyadic coping backfired for people higher in attachment anxiety;they felt less satisfied when they perceived more problem-focused coping—which involves being solution-focused and using instrumental support—in their relationship. In contrast, people higher in attachment avoidance were buffered against lower relationship satisfaction when they perceived more problem-focused dyadic coping and were not buffered by emotion-focused coping. The current findings suggest the importance of tailoring coping strategies to a partner's attachment style for relationship quality and felt security during times of stress.

Understanding relationship satisfaction during covid-19: Assessing unstable work experiences and negative communication

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in economic concerns and disruptions in daily life for many families, which may amplify relational strains and create new tensions between romantic partners. Economic stressors may be particularly salient to later relationship quality in the context of more negative relationship functioning. This study investigated dyadic trajectories of relationship satisfaction in 116 different-sex couples over a 6-month period during the pandemic. We explored the impact of unstable work experiences on later relationship satisfaction, and if this effect was exacerbated by higher levels of negative communication. Men and women had different initial levels of relationship satisfaction, but indistinguishable rates of change in satisfaction. For men, reports of unstable work experiences early in the pandemic were positively associated with declines in relationship satisfaction, but this was not the case for women. The consequential impact of unstable work experiences did not differ based on levels of negative communication, nor was negative communication early in the pandemic related to either partner's change in satisfaction over time. We conclude by highlighting the importance of accounting for the context in which relationships develop. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Daily stress, family functioning and mental health among Palestinian couples in Israel during COVID-19: A moderated mediation model

The COVID-19 pandemic created a range of stressors, among them difficulties related to work conditions, financial changes, lack of childcare, and confinement or isolation due to social distancing. Among families and married individuals, these stressors were often expressed in additional daily hassles, with an influence on mental health. This study examined two moderated mediation models based on Bodenmann's systemic-transactional stress model. Specifically, the models tested the hypothesis that intra-dyadic stress mediates the association between extra-dyadic stress and mental health, while two measures of family functioning, cohesion and flexibility, moderate the relationship between extra and intra-dyadic stress. Participants were 480 Palestinian adults in Israel who completed self-report questionnaires. All were in opposite-sex marriages and identified as either cisgender women or cisgender men. The results showed partial mediation patterns supporting both models, indicating that family cohesion and flexibility weakened the mediating effect of intra-dyadic stress on the relationship between extra-dyadic stress and mental health. These findings increase our understanding of the variables that affected mental health during the pandemic, and suggest that when faced with extra-dyadic stress, married individuals with good family environments are less likely to experience high levels of intra-dyadic stress, which is in turn associated with preserved mental health. Limitations and implications for planning interventions for couples and families during the pandemic are discussed.

Acceptability of Online Yoga Among Individuals With Chronic Conditions and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: The online delivery of yoga interventions rapidly expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic, and preliminary studies indicate that online yoga is feasible across multiple chronic conditions. However, few yoga studies provide synchronous online yoga sessions and rarely target the caregiving dyad. Online chronic disease management interventions have been evaluated across conditions, life spans, and diverse samples. However, the perceived acceptability of online yoga, including self-reported satisfaction and online delivery preferences, is underexplored among individuals with chronic conditions and their caregivers. Understanding user preferences is essential for successful and safe online yoga implementation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to qualitatively examine the perceived acceptability of online yoga among individuals with chronic conditions and their caregivers who participated in an online dyadic intervention that merged yoga and self-management education to develop skills (MY-Skills) to manage persistent pain. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study among 9 dyads (>18 years of age; individuals experiencing persistent moderate pain) who participated in MY-Skills online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention consisted of 16 online, synchronous yoga sessions over 8 weeks for both dyad members. After the completion of the intervention, participants (N=18) participated in semistructured telephone interviews for around 20 minutes, discussing their preferences, challenges, and recommendations for improved online delivery. Interviews were analyzed by using a rapid analytic approach. RESULTS: MY-Skills participants were, on average, aged 62.7 (SD 19) years; were primarily women; were primarily White; and had a mean of 5.5 (SD 3) chronic conditions. Both participants and caregivers reported moderate pain severity scores (mean 6.02, SD 1.3) on the Brief Pain Inventory. The following three themes were identified related to online delivery: (1) participants indicated a preference for the intervention to be in person rather than online because they were distracted in the home setting, because they felt that in-person yoga would be more engaging, because the yoga therapist could physically correct positions, and because of safety concerns (eg, fear of falling); (2) participants indicated good acceptability of online MY-Skills delivery due to convenience, access, and comfort with being in their home; and (3) recommendations for improving online delivery highlighted a need for additional and accessible technical support. CONCLUSIONS: Both individuals with chronic conditions and their caregivers find online yoga to be an acceptable intervention. Participants who preferred in-person yoga did so due to distractions in the home and group dynamics. Some participants preferred in-person corrections to ensure correct positioning, while others felt safe with verbal modifications in their homes. Convenience and access were the primary reasons for preferring online delivery. To improve online delivery, future yoga studies should include specific activities for fostering group engagement, enhancing safety protocols, and increasing technical support. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03440320; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03440320.

Dancing with your baby: The experiences of the breastfeeding mother-infant dyad discovered through the artistry of symbolic dance

Dancing With Your Baby: The Experiences of the Breastfeeding Mother-Infant Dyad Discovered Through the Artistry of Symbolic Dance is a study that explored the experiences of the breastfeeding mother-infant dyad through the dance/movement therapy techniques mirroring, leading and following, image making, and symbolic dance.An art-based research study with the inquiries of the breastfeeding mother-infant dyad in mind, was designed with a phenomenological approach that included autobiographical narratives and embodied lived emotions and reflection, which allowed for the integration of dance and movement within the arts-based research realm. Interviews were conducted with each participant to provide an in-depth comprehension of their breastfeeding and postpartum experiences. The participants attended three open group discussions where they expressed their breastfeeding struggles and accomplishments, bonding with their child, and motherhood. Participants were asked to create gestural descriptors that described their breastfeeding experience, and through the image making process, participants choreographed a symbolic dance which was captured on film. Journal entries included written testimonial and self-portraits created through photography and visual art. Eight themes emerged from this study: loneliness, pain, tired, importance of nurturing their infant, guilt, grief, joy, and closure. The researcher's embodied empathetic reflection to the mother-infant movement sequences were also captured on film and is accompanied with a voice over that addressed the participants feelings and thoughts, and the overarching themes.This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided participants insight in finding resilience during breastfeeding and nurturing their infants during stressful times through therapeutic movement, kinesthetic empathy, and artistic dance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Two years COVID-19 pandemic. The uncanny, defense and the breakdown of the analytical framework

After 2 years of the pandemic the author examines some results from the psychoanalytical literature, in which the threat due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was investigated and the challenges for the analytical dyad were discussed. The first part deals with the uncanny, which some authors ascribed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. It centers on the question whether this is inherent to the virus, which according to Freud's dialectic understanding of uncanny, is something endemic, old familiar. In the second part the author discusses some individual and collective defense movements against the uncanny of the virus, including social politically highly bizarre and dangerous group formations, such as the QAnon movement. The main focus of this article is the critical question discussed in the third part, whether in view of the radical changes in the analytical framework (telephone, video), the analytical work can succeed (at all) without physical encounter of the analytical dyad. Based on a case study the author investigates the technical challenges of treatment, to consider and to interpret the movement of transference due to the altered framework and points out the danger of losing the "inner framework" (Bleger 1993). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (German) Die Autorin sichtet nach zwei Jahren Pandemie einige Ergebnisse der psychoanalytischen Literatur, in der die Bedrohung durch COVID-19 untersucht und die Herausforderungen fur das analytische Paar diskutiert werden. Im ersten Teil geht es um das Unheimliche, was einige Autoren dem COVID-19-Virus zuschreiben, zentriert auf die Frage, ob dem Virus das innewohnt, was nach Freuds dialektischem Verstandnis des Unheimlichen etwas Heimisches, Altvertrautes ist. Im zweiten Teil diskutiert die Autorin einige individuelle und kollektive Abwehrbewegungen gegen das Unheimliche des Virus, einschlieslich gesellschaftspolitisch hochst bizarrer und gefahrlicher Gruppierungen wie die QAnon-Bewegung. Hauptschwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die im dritten Teil diskutierte kritische Frage, ob die analytische Arbeit angesichts radikaler Veranderungen des analytischen Rahmens (Telefon/Video), ohne leibliche Begegnung des analytischen Paars, (uberhaupt) gelingen kann. Anhand einer Vignette untersucht die Autorin die behandlungstechnische Herausforderung, die Ubertragungsbewegungen durch den veranderten Rahmen mitzubedenken und zu deuten und verweist auf die Gefahr, den inneren Rahmen" (Bleger 1993) zu verlieren. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Coping with global uncertainty: Perceptions of COVID-19 psychological distress, relationship quality, and dyadic coping for romantic partners across 27 countries

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 39(1) of Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (see record 2022-18336-005). Three new authors (Adnan Adil, Emmanuel Asampong, and Rahmattullah Khan Abdul Wahab Khan) were not initially listed in the Epub ahead of print. Table 1 also contained some errors. The corrections are given in the erratum.] Following the global outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, individuals report psychological distress associated with the "new normal"-social distancing, financial hardships, and increased responsibilities while working from home. Given the interpersonal nature of stress and coping responses between romantic partners, based on the systemic transactional model this study posits that perceived partner dyadic coping may be an important moderator between experiences of COVID-19 psychological distress and relationship quality. To examine these associations, self-report data from 14,020 people across 27 countries were collected during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-July, 2020). It was hypothesized that higher symptoms of psychological distress would be reported post-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 restrictions (Hypothesis 1), reports of post-COVID-19 psychological distress would be negatively associated with relationship quality (Hypothesis 2), and perceived partner DC would moderate these associations (Hypothesis 3). While hypotheses were generally supported, results also showed interesting between-country variability. Limitations and future directions are presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Erratum to coping with global uncertainty: Perceptions of COVID-19 psychological distress, relationship quality, and dyadic coping for romantic partners across 27 countries

Reports an error in "Coping with global uncertainty: Perceptions of COVID-19 psychological distress, relationship quality, and dyadic coping for romantic partners across 27 countries" by Ashley K. Randall, Gabriel Leon, Emanuele Basili, Tamas Martos, Michael Boiger, Michela Baldi, Lauren Hocker, Kai Kline, Alessio Masturzi, Richmond Aryeetey, Eran Bar-Kalifa, Susan D. Boon, Luis Botella, Tom Burke, Katherine B. Carnelley, Alan Carr, Arobindu Dash, Mimi Fitriana, Stanley O. Gaines, Sarah Galdiolo, Claire M. Hart, Susanna Joo, Barani Kanth, Evangelos Karademas, Gery Karantzas, Selina A. Landolt, Louise McHugh, Anne Milek, Eddie Murphy, Jean C. Natividade, Alda Portugal, Alvaro Quinones, Ana Paula Relvas, Pingkan C. B. Rumondor, Petruta Rusu, Viola Sallay, Luis Angel Saul, David P. Schmitt, Laura Sels, Sultan Shujja, Laura K. Taylor, S. Burcu Ozguluk, Leslie Verhofstadt, Gyesook Yoo, Martina Zemp, Silvia Donato, Casey J. Totenhagen, Rahel L. van Eickels, Adnan Adil, Emmanuel Anongeba Anaba, Emmanuel Asampong, Sarah Beauchemin-Roy, Anna Berry, Audrey Brassard, Susan Chesterman, Lizzie Ferguson, Gabriela Fonseca, Justine Gaugue, Marie Geonet, Neele Hermesch, Rahmattullah Khan Abdul Wahab Khan, Laura Knox, Marie-France Lafontaine, Nicholas Lawless, Amanda Londero-Santos, Sofia Major, Tiago A. Marot, Ellie Mullins, Pauldy C. J. Otermans, Ariela F. Pagani, Miriam Parise, Roksana Parvin, Mallika De, Katherine Peloquin, Barbara Rebelo, Francesca Righetti, Daniel Romano, Sara Salavati, Steven Samrock, Mary Serea, Chua Bee Seok, Luciana Sotero, Owen Stafford, Christoforos Thomadakis, Cigdem Topcu-Uzer, Carla Ugarte, Wah Yun Low, Petra Simon-Zambori, Ching Sin Siau, Diana-Sinziana Duca, Cornelia Filip, Hayoung Park, Sinead Wearen, Guy Bodenmann and Claudia Chiarolanza (Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2022[Jan], Vol 39[1], 3-33). Three new authors (Adnan Adil, Emmanuel Asampong, and Rahmattullah Khan Abdul Wahab Khan) were not initially listed in the Epub ahead of print. Table 1 also contained some errors. The corrections are given in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2022-18336-001). Following the global outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, individuals report psychological distress associated with the "new normal"-social distancing, financial hardships, and increased responsibilities while working from home. Given the interpersonal nature of stress and coping responses between romantic partners, based on the systemic transactional model this study posits that perceived partner dyadic coping may be an important moderator between experiences of COVID-19 psychological distress and relationship quality. To examine these associations, self-report data from 14,020 people across 27 countries were collected during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-July, 2020). It was hypothesized that higher symptoms of psychological distress would be reported post-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 restrictions (Hypothesis 1), reports of post-COVID-19 psychological distress would be negatively associated with relationship quality (Hypothesis 2), and perceived partner DC would moderate these associations (Hypothesis 3). While hypotheses were generally supported, results also showed interesting between-country variability. Limitations and future directions are presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Evaluating the effectiveness of telehealth to teach functional communication skills

Individuals living with autism and other developmental disabilities do not always have access to effective behavior analytic intervention services due to the lack of geographical proximity to resources. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic further posed unprecedented challenges to not only obtain access to resources and treatment, but unique challenges to the delivery of applied behavior analysis (ABA). Recent research and advances in telecommunication technologies have made it possible to provide behavioral healthcare services remotely. In this study, a concurrent multiple-baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing telehealth to teach functional communication. Four child-research assistant dyads participated. All dyads received training through telehealth. Results showed that telehealth was an effective modality for teaching mands and tacts to individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Couples' Functioning during Weekdays and Weekends at the Time of COVID-19

The present study was aimed at analyzing differences between weekdays and weekends in psychological well-being, relationship satisfaction, and dyadic coping, as well as their associations, before and during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Individuals in a couple's relationship completed an online questionnaire before (N = 76) and during (N = 50) the COVID-19 lockdown. With regard to the first aim, participants in the COVID condition reported greater psychological well-being during weekends than during weekdays. In addition, participants showed greater relationship satisfaction during weekdays than during weekends, independently of the COVID-19 condition. As for the dyadic coping process, only in the Pre-COVID group, individuals communicated their stress more frequently during weekdays than during weekends. Finally, regardless of the COVID condition, they reported higher positive and common dyadic coping responses during weekends than during weekdays. As for the second aim, a positive effect of common dyadic coping responses on both psychological well-being and relationship satisfaction emerged during weekdays and weekends. Positive dyadic coping positively predicted relationship satisfaction during weekdays and weekends. Higher negative dyadic coping was associated with lower psychological well-being (in the Pre-COVID group only) and lower relationship satisfaction during weekends.

Outcomes of building a lasting connection: A pilot study

This pilot study used a quantitative design with a two-year follow-up to evaluate the effect couples participation in the early relationship education program, Building a Lasting Connection (BLC), had on participants' relationship satisfaction and dyadic adjustment and whether outcomes differed between those who practiced with a post-workshop take-home tool, and those who did not. The Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) and a researcher-created measure of stress to account for COVID-related stressors were used. The sample of participants was not randomized and there was no control group. The means of pretest scores (n = 73) taken at the start of workshops held shortly before the onset of COVID were compared to the means of scores (n = 15) at two-year follow-up. The follow-up sample consisted of six men and nine women who participated in a BLC workshop with their intimate partner. The average length of relationship was 4.8 years. Results showed statistically significant improvement in the RDAS measures of cohesion, satisfaction and total RDAS composite score. Cohesion improved most, with scores increasing from distressed to non-distressed levels. Consensus, which did not improve, had an inverse relationship with the amount of stress couples experienced after attending the workshop. Participants who used the take-home tool at least one to two times after completing the workshop improved in all areas compared to those who did not use the tool, but with statistical significance for the RDAS composite score only. There was no statistically significant association between the demographic variables (age and gender) and study outcomes. These findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of the BLC program in bolstering couples dyadic adjustment and relationship satisfaction, and the use of a take-home tool as a mechanism to improve outcomes and support long-term change in relationship satisfaction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

The impact of intensive, group-format parent-child interaction therapy on positive parenting skills and oppositional behavior of young children

Disruptive behavior disorders affect 10.75% of children and cause significant problems throughout life (Alizadeh et al., 2019;APA, 2013;Azeredo et al., 2018;Frick & Loney, 1999;Kofler et al., 2015;Leadbeater & Ames, 2016;Liu et al., 2017). The defiant behavior that is a common symptom of these disorders has shown to occur at higher rates when the child's parent uses a more harsh, negative, or neglectful parenting style (Brown et al., 2017;Giannotta & Rydell, 2016;Ghosh et al., 2017;Lavigne et al., 2016;Lin et al., 2019;Tung & Lee, 2014). To treat children's defiant behavior, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) addresses ineffective parenting styles by teaching parents positive parenting skills (Eyberg & Funderburk, 2011). While PCIT has been shown to be effective in reducing oppositional behavior for children between the ages of three and seven years old, many families are unable to access individual PCIT due to its resource-heavy nature (i.e. price, time commitment, technology requirement) (Barkley, 1986;Chen & Fortson, 2015;Kazdin, 2008;Kazdin et al., 1997;Lanier et al., 2011;Lyon & Budd, 2010;Matos et al., 2006). Alternative forms of PCIT like group PCIT, intensive PCIT and brief group PCIT have addressed some of these limitations of individual PCIT but no alternative form has addressed each limitation. The current study sought to address prior limitations by exploring whether an alternative form of remote PCIT, Intensive Group-Format PCIT (IG-PCIT), would be as effective in addressing children's oppositional behavior and parents' positive parenting skill acquisition as remote standard, individual PCIT and remote group PCIT. The current study consisted of 36 child-parent dyads. Participants were quasirandomly placed in the remote IG-PCIT condition (16 participants), the remote individual PCIT condition (10 participants), or the remote group PCIT condition (nine participants). The individual PCIT condition offered PCIT remotely and individually over a 12-week span. The group PCIT condition offered PCIT in a remote group format over the span of 12 weeks. The IG-PCIT condition consisted of four remote weekly group sessions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all conditions were held virtually. The researcher of the current study found that remote IG-PCIT, remote group PCIT, and remote individual PCIT significantly reduced child externalizing behavior and parenting stress from pre- to post-treatment overall, but both areas did not significantly reduce for each individual dyad. The reductions were also maintained at the three months follow up. It was found that all three treatment conditions did significantly improve positive parenting skills (i.e. reflections, labelled praises, and behavior descriptions) and directive parenting skills (i.e. questions, commands, and negative talk) and these improvements were maintained at the three months follow up. The current researcher found that the remote IG-PCIT condition was as effective in improving child externalizing behaviors, parenting stress, and parenting skill use as the remote group PCIT and the remote individual PCIT conditions. No significant relationships between change in positive parenting skills and change in parenting stress or child externalizing behavior were found. The highest attrition rates were found in the remote individual PCIT condition. Lastly, high levels of treatment satisfaction for all three treatment conditions were reported. The researcher of the current study interpreted these results to suggest that all three remote conditions, IG-PCIT, group PCIT, and individual PCIT, can effectively improve child externalizing behavior, parenting stress, and parenting skill use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Workers' individual and dyadic coping with the COVID-19 health emergency: A cross cultural study

The aim of this study was to examine workers' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic as a function of their individual coping, dyadic coping, and work-family conflict. We also tested the moderating role of gender and culture in these associations. To achieve this aim, we run HLM analyses on data from 1521 workers cohabiting with a partner, coming from six countries (Italy, Spain, Malta, Cyprus, Greece, and Russia) characterized by various degrees of country-level individualism/collectivism. Across all six countries, findings highlighted that work-family conflict as well as the individual coping strategy social support seeking were associated with higher psychological distress for workers, while the individual coping strategy positive attitude and common dyadic coping were found to be protective against workers' psychological distress. This latter association, moreover, was stronger in more individualistic countries.

Digital marketing communication in global marketplaces: A review of extant research, future directions, and potential approaches

Digital marketing communication, that is, communication through digital or electronic media among businesses and consumers, is growing rapidly, especially during the COVID-19 era. We propose a framework for analyzing digital marketing communication along four major dyads, business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). We review and summarize, for researchers and practitioners, the literature during 2000-2021 in these dyads along four major components: goals;channels, media, and platforms;content;and responses. We find that extant research in digital marketing communication pertains mostly to a specific, national level rather than a global level, despite the porousness of national boundaries for digital marketing. We derive important insights, identify key research gaps and questions in each of the dyads along these dimensions. We suggest approaches to address these research questions under three major components: substantive issues, data, and methods. These approaches can offer the insights that managers need to better formulate digital marketing strategies in local and global contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Associations of parents' and adolescents' active travel behavior across various destinations - a sex/gender analysis.

BACKGROUND: Active travel behavior such as walking and cycling is associated with several health benefits. Especially the family environment seems to be important for active travel in children and adolescents. Currently, little is known regarding travel behavior in leisure time and associations of travel behavior within parent-adolescent dyads. METHODS: The present analysis is based on the German ARRIVE study (Active tRavel behavioR in the famIly enVironmEnt), which incorporated a large scale, representative cross-sectional online survey including 517 parent-child dyads consisting of adolescents (N = 517; boys = 263, girls = 254) aged 11-15 years and one of their parents (N = 517; fathers = 259, mothers = 258). Based on that survey which took place in June 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic), we calculated the prevalence of active travel to four commonly visited destinations (school/work, friends/relatives, shopping stores and recreational activities) using an adapted version of the travel to school questionnaire by Segura-Diaz JM, Rojas-Jimenez A, Barranco-Ruiz Y, Murillo-Pardo B, Saucedo-Araujo RG, Aranda-Balboa MJ, et al. (Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(14), 2020). In addition, we investigated the associations between parents' and adolescents' travel behavior using scores for school/work, leisure time (friends/relatives, shopping stores and recreational activities) and overall (school/work and leisure time). RESULTS: Across all destinations, prevalence of active travel in adolescents (63.08%) was higher than in parents (29.21%). Active travel to school (47.33%) as well as to work (20.43%) indicated the lowest prevalence. Linear regression models revealed significant associations in overall active travel between mothers and adolescents (girls: ß = 0.308, p < 0.001; boys: ß = 0.302, p = 0.001) and in leisure time active travel behavior between mothers and daughters (ß = 0.316, p < 0.001). Related to school/work active travel there were no associations between parents and adolescents. CONCLUSION: The associations between adolescents' and parents' travel behavior differ depending on gender: they are solely seen in mother-adolescents dyads. Furthermore, our findings conclude that travel is a routine and independent of the destination.

Stress, anxiety, emotion regulation and social support in parent-child dyads prior to and during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In March 2020, and in order to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress and mental health in parent-child dyads using pre-pandemic measures, we recontacted participants from a 2019 study. A total of 136 dyads of Canadian parents (77% mothers, mean age = 44.48 years/old) and children (63% girls, 77% aged 10-12 years/old and 23% aged 15-17 years/old) completed self-report measures of perceived stress, anxiety (state/sensitivity) and emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal/expressive suppression). Children additionally completed measures of co-rumination and perceived social support from friends, parents, and teachers. Results revealed a significant increase in parents' stress and state anxiety during the pandemic compared to before, but not in their children. Dyads' anxiety sensitivity remained unchanged, as well as parents' use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Children showed similar use of cognitive reappraisal, but less expressive suppression and co-rumination during the pandemic compared to before. Children reported similar perceived social support from all sources over time. Finally, parental and children scores were not significantly correlated at either time. These results suggest that during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, parents and children responded differently in terms of stress, anxiety, and emotion regulation strategies.

Assessing Changes in Parent Sensitivity in Telehealth and Hybrid Implementation of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, home visiting services for families with young children pivoted to continue providing services virtually. One such service was Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC), a brief prevention/intervention program targeting increased parental sensitivity. 70 families participated in a sensitivity assessment before and after receiving ABC. Forty-three families received the program fully through telehealth, and 27 families received the program through an in-person/telehealth hybrid format. Parent sensitivity was assessed pre- and post-intervention, and results suggested that when ABC was delivered through a telehealth or hybrid format, parents showed increased following the lead and decreased intrusiveness from pre- to post-intervention, with moderate effect sizes. Ongoing supervision in the model, weekly fidelity maintenance checks, and the flexibility of families and parent coaches likely contributed to the maintenance of significant change in parental sensitivity from pre- to post-intervention during the move from face-to-face home visiting to the provision of virtual services.

Evaluating the effectiveness of telehealth to teach functional communication skills

Individuals living with autism and other developmental disabilities do not always have access to effective behavior analytic intervention services due to the lack of geographical proximity to resources. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic further posed unprecedented challenges to not only obtain access to resources and treatment, but unique challenges to the delivery of applied behavior analysis (ABA). Recent research and advances in telecommunication technologies have made it possible to provide behavioral healthcare services remotely. In this study, a concurrent multiple-baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing telehealth to teach functional communication. Four child-research assistant dyads participated. All dyads received training through telehealth. Results showed that telehealth was an effective modality for teaching mands and tacts to individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The associations of COVID-19 percent positivity rate, relationship quality, and season with daily anxiety and depression in couples living in NYC.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic changed nearly every aspect of daily life and had detrimental effects on mental health. Yet, impacts have been heterogeneous. We tested whether fluctuations in local COVID-19 percent positivity rates were associated with daily anxiety and depression in couples living in NYC, as well as whether these associations varied by relationship quality or season. We expected that adverse impacts of COVID-19 may be attenuated by high-quality relationships and during warmer months, or that people may habituate over time. Methods: Data on seven-day rolling average COVID-19 percent positive rate each day in NYC were merged with a 14-day dyadic diary study of cohabiting couples living in NYC between August 2020 through April 2021 (232 individuals from 116 couples; mean age 28.42 years, 52.59% female, 53.02% White). Dyadic multilevel models estimated the association COVID-19 positivity rate, season (sine and cosine of the calendar date), baseline relationship quality, and all two-and three-way interactions of these variables with daily anxiety and depression. Covariates included weekend and COVID-positive case within the couple. Results: Anxiety and depression mirrored COVID-19 positivity rates, and there was some evidence for habituation over time. Significant two-and three-way interactions suggested that being in a high-quality relationship buffered the association of COVID-19 positivity rate with both anxiety and depression during months when cases were low. Anxiety was elevated for individuals in high- (v. low-) quality relationships during the December-January surge. Conclusion: Seven-day rolling average COVID-19 percent positivity rate was associated with daily anxiety and depression among couples living in NYC. There was some evidence that individuals habituated to this stressor over time and that high-quality relationships were protective for mental well-being; however, there was some suggestion that couples in high-quality relationships may have engaged in processes such as co-rumination during surges, worsening their daily anxiety.

The impact of intensive, group-format parent-child interaction therapy on positive parenting skills and oppositional behavior of young children

Disruptive behavior disorders affect 10.75% of children and cause significant problems throughout life (Alizadeh et al., 2019;APA, 2013;Azeredo et al., 2018;Frick & Loney, 1999;Kofler et al., 2015;Leadbeater & Ames, 2016;Liu et al., 2017). The defiant behavior that is a common symptom of these disorders has shown to occur at higher rates when the child's parent uses a more harsh, negative, or neglectful parenting style (Brown et al., 2017;Giannotta & Rydell, 2016;Ghosh et al., 2017;Lavigne et al., 2016;Lin et al., 2019;Tung & Lee, 2014). To treat children's defiant behavior, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) addresses ineffective parenting styles by teaching parents positive parenting skills (Eyberg & Funderburk, 2011). While PCIT has been shown to be effective in reducing oppositional behavior for children between the ages of three and seven years old, many families are unable to access individual PCIT due to its resource-heavy nature (i.e. price, time commitment, technology requirement) (Barkley, 1986;Chen & Fortson, 2015;Kazdin, 2008;Kazdin et al., 1997;Lanier et al., 2011;Lyon & Budd, 2010;Matos et al., 2006). Alternative forms of PCIT like group PCIT, intensive PCIT and brief group PCIT have addressed some of these limitations of individual PCIT but no alternative form has addressed each limitation. The current study sought to address prior limitations by exploring whether an alternative form of remote PCIT, Intensive Group-Format PCIT (IG-PCIT), would be as effective in addressing children's oppositional behavior and parents' positive parenting skill acquisition as remote standard, individual PCIT and remote group PCIT. The current study consisted of 36 child-parent dyads. Participants were quasirandomly placed in the remote IG-PCIT condition (16 participants), the remote individual PCIT condition (10 participants), or the remote group PCIT condition (nine participants). The individual PCIT condition offered PCIT remotely and individually over a 12-week span. The group PCIT condition offered PCIT in a remote group format over the span of 12 weeks. The IG-PCIT condition consisted of four remote weekly group sessions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all conditions were held virtually. The researcher of the current study found that remote IG-PCIT, remote group PCIT, and remote individual PCIT significantly reduced child externalizing behavior and parenting stress from pre- to post-treatment overall, but both areas did not significantly reduce for each individual dyad. The reductions were also maintained at the three months follow up. It was found that all three treatment conditions did significantly improve positive parenting skills (i.e. reflections, labelled praises, and behavior descriptions) and directive parenting skills (i.e. questions, commands, and negative talk) and these improvements were maintained at the three months follow up. The current researcher found that the remote IG-PCIT condition was as effective in improving child externalizing behaviors, parenting stress, and parenting skill use as the remote group PCIT and the remote individual PCIT conditions. No significant relationships between change in positive parenting skills and change in parenting stress or child externalizing behavior were found. The highest attrition rates were found in the remote individual PCIT condition. Lastly, high levels of treatment satisfaction for all three treatment conditions were reported. The researcher of the current study interpreted these results to suggest that all three remote conditions, IG-PCIT, group PCIT, and individual PCIT, can effectively improve child externalizing behavior, parenting stress, and parenting skill use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)